When was the Plumage Levy introduced in the United Kingdom?

1784

Which government implemented the Plumage Levy in the United Kingdom?

The British government under Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger

What was the primary reason for introducing the Plumage Levy?

To raise revenue for the government, particularly to fund military expenses and reduce national debt

Which items were primarily targeted by the Plumage Levy?

Feathers and ornamental plumes used in fashion and millinery

How was the Plumage Levy collected?

As a tax on the sale and importation of feathers and feathered accessories

What was a common reaction of the public to the Plumage Levy?

Mixed reactions, with opposition from the fashion industry and consumers due to increased costs, but some support for the potential reduction in the use of feathers from exotic birds

How did the Plumage Levy impact the fashion industry in the 18th century?

It increased the cost of feathered accessories, affecting milliners and fashion trends, leading to a decline in the popularity of feathered hats and garments

Which social class was most affected by the Plumage Levy?

Wealthy and middle-class individuals who followed fashion trends involving feathered accessories

What was one method used by people to avoid paying the Plumage Levy?

Using artificial or alternative materials for fashion accessories, or smuggling untaxed feathers

Who was responsible for enforcing the Plumage Levy?

Customs officials and tax collectors

When was the Plumage Levy repealed or significantly reduced?

In the early 19th century, as part of broader tax reforms

What broader historical context surrounded the introduction of the Plumage Levy?

A period of increased taxation to fund Britain's military efforts and manage economic challenges during and after the American Revolutionary War